The words we use,
and what they mean.

#Advanced Circular Manufacturing (ACM)

The industrial category Carbotura works in. An ACM plant takes unsorted manufacturing feedstock and converts it into manufactured materials. Its inputs are feedstock and its outputs are products, the way any manufacturer works.See: ACM Platform

#Manufacturing feedstock

The material a community or company supplies to an ACM plant. It arrives unsorted, and no one has to separate it first. It transfers to Carbotura under a Circular Supply Agreement: ownership of the material, and responsibility for it, pass to Carbotura at collection or delivery.See: The same atoms, three names

#Total Material Conversion (TMC)

Converting about 100% of what comes in into manufactured outputs. About 90% leaves the plant as products sold to industry. About 10% is used inside the plant to power itself.

#Elemental dissociation

What happens to feedstock inside the Recyclotron™. Material is resolved into its elemental constituents, so no input molecule survives, and the outputs are made new from those elements. This is what separates ACM from pyrolysis and chemical recycling, where fragments of the original molecules carry through.See: Technology

#Near-zero residual, near-zero emissions

The environmental standard every ACM plant is held to. Nearly all of the input becomes product. There is no combustion and no exhaust stack, and process water runs in a closed loop with no outfall.

#Prime Four Rules

The four rules every ACM deployment must satisfy: No New Technology (every component is established, commercial-grade equipment), No Emissions (near-zero atmospheric emissions, no combustion), No Discharge (closed-loop water) and No Waste (near-zero residual).See: EPC Primer

#Circular Supply Agreement (CSA)

The agreement between a Feedstock Provider and Carbotura, in a single structure. The Feedstock Provider delivers a contracted feedstock stream and pays the Beneficiation Fee (TMC Fee). Carbotura takes transfer of the material, converts it, and pays the Circular Royalty™. The fee and the royalty are separate payments in opposite directions and are never netted.See: For Communities

#Feedstock Provider

The community, government entity or company that supplies manufacturing feedstock under a CSA. The agreement itself calls it the Feedstock Supplier.

#Beneficiation Fee (TMC Fee)

TMC stands for Total Material Conversion. This is the per-ton fee the Feedstock Provider pays for Total Material Conversion: $100–$150 per ton at the published range, escalating 2.5% a year. It is invoiced monthly in arrears on the tonnage received. It pays for conversion into manufactured materials, not for disposal.

#Circular Royalty™

The per-ton royalty Carbotura pays the Feedstock Provider on delivered tonnage. In Year 1 it is 120% of that year's Beneficiation Fee, or $120–$180 per ton at the published range, and the percentage rises one point every year. Payments begin 13 months after Carbotura receives the first Beneficiation Fee payment and continue monthly for the life of the agreement. It is the only raw-material cost Carbotura carries.

#Royalty Multiplier

The percentage applied to each year's Beneficiation Fee to set that year's Circular Royalty™: 120% in Year 1, rising one percentage point a year (129% in Year 10, 149% in Year 30), with no cap.

#Legacy Remediation Royalty

An optional CSA add-on for sites with a qualifying legacy landfill, delivered through the Exogenesis™ path. It pays $50 per ton of legacy mass extracted and processed, rising 1% a year from Year 2, alongside the Circular Royalty™. Payments begin 13 months after the first legacy material is extracted.

#Minimum Annual Feedstock Volume (MAFV)

The minimum tonnage the Feedstock Provider commits to deliver in each contract year. It is the volume the take-or-pay obligation is measured against.

#Take-or-pay

The Feedstock Provider's obligation on the Minimum Annual Feedstock Volume, which applies regardless of the volume actually delivered.

#Circular Materials Offtake Agreement (CMOA)

The separate agreement under which industrial buyers purchase Circular Materials from Carbotura. It is a different contract with different counterparties from the CSA.

#Pregenesis™

Protocol 1: feedstock preparation. Shredding to a uniform size, magnetic separation of ferrous metal, and Liquifact™ liquid-fraction extraction. Preparation, not sorting.See: Technology

#Liquifact™

The liquid-fraction extraction module within Pregenesis™.

#Regenesis™

Protocol 2: primary elemental dissociation inside the Recyclotron™, resolving feedstock into two intermediate streams, OmniCrude™ Vapor and OmniCrude™ Solids. No combustion takes place.

#Recyclotron™

The multiphase microwave reactor module in which the Regenesis™ protocol runs. It is a module, not a fifth protocol. The Recyclotron™ performs primary elemental dissociation, resolving feedstock into OmniCrude™ Vapor and Solids streams; vapors undergo secondary reforming and shift conversion before separation into finished materials.

#OmniCrude™

The umbrella name for the two intermediate streams that leave Regenesis™: OmniCrude™ Vapor and OmniCrude™ Solids. Both go on to Regenesis MAX™. OmniCrude™ is internal to the plant and is never sold.

#Carbon Recovery Syngas Reforming Unit (CRSRU)

The secondary reforming stage for the OmniCrude™ Vapor stream, downstream of the Recyclotron™. It is a stage within the process, not a protocol.

#Water Gas Shift

The shift-conversion stage for the vapor stream, after the CRSRU and before Regenesis MAX™.

#Regenesis MAX™

Protocol 3: separating and refining both OmniCrude™ streams into Circular Materials. The vapor stream arrives after the CRSRU and Water Gas Shift; the solids stream arrives directly.

#Exogenesis™

Protocol 4: urban and landfill mining. It extracts and conditions legacy buried deposits, such as closed landfills, coal-ash ponds, contaminated sites and mining tailings, so they can run through Protocols 1 to 3.

#Island Mode

How an ACM plant powers itself. Hydrogen produced in the process feeds fuel cells on site, so the plant runs independently of the grid, without combustion and without a stack.

#Atmospheric Processing System (APS)

Plant-wide negative-pressure capture. Process gases are collected and returned into the process instead of being released, which is why an ACM plant has no exhaust stack.

#Circular Materials

The certified manufactured outputs Carbotura sells: synthetic graphite, graphene compounds, recovered metals and minerals, rare earth elements, industrial gases and ultrapure water. There are 116 in all, each graded on the RevCon™ Valorization Ladder.See: Materials

#RevCon™ Valorization Ladder

The five grades of Revenue Readiness Condition used to grade Circular Materials: RC1 Circular Raw Material, RC2 Functional Conversion, RC3 Optimized Circular Materials (the baseline), RC4 Specialized Circular Material and RC5 Premium Circular Product.

#Net-positive ultrapure water

An ACM plant produces more water than it uses. The surplus is refined to laboratory-grade (ASTM D1193 Type I) ultrapure water and sold or donated.See: Water-starved communities

#Circular Materials Catalog (CMC)

Carbotura's public catalog of Circular Materials, at revcon.carbotura.com.See: Open the catalog ↗

#Design for Manufacturability (DFM)

Carbotura's delivery model. ACM modules are manufactured products, made in a factory to one production specification and replicated for capacity. It is the opposite of an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) project, which is designed for one site and built in the field, and it needs no pilot plant.See: Why Carbotura is not a project-risk investment · EPC Primer

#ACM Modular Production Unit (ACM module)

The standard 100 tons-per-day production unit. A 400 tons-per-day deployment is four identical modules.

#Capacity replication

Adding capacity by deploying more identical, already-validated modules, instead of designing a larger plant.

#Named throughput

A building's design throughput, up to 2,000 tons per day per building and 30,000 tons per day per campus.

#N+1 line capacity

Redundant line capacity installed in every building. If a line is out of service, the remaining lines carry the building's named throughput.

#Multiphysics simulation

The engineering model that sets each module's production specification before anything is manufactured. Every ACM module is manufactured to that specification, and deployed modules confirm it within the 2.5% manufacturing tolerance.

#Manufacturing tolerance

The 2.5% tolerance on each module's production specification, confirmed by performance data from deployed modules. A module must perform within it to pass acceptance testing.

#FAT, SAT and SIT

The three acceptance tests every module passes. Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT) checks the assembled module before it ships. Site Acceptance Testing (SAT) confirms it arrived and was installed to specification. Site Integration Testing (SIT) proves it works with the site's own systems.

#Module Delivery Authorization (MDA)

The checkpoint that releases a module for shipment to site.

#Deployment timeline

A standard deployment runs 12 to 24 months from permit issuance to commercial operation.

#Digital Triplet

The three linked records behind every plant (engineering, module manufacturing and facility operations) sharing one data lake, so design, build and operation inform each other.See: Engineering Doctrine

#Continuous Adaptive Feedback Integration (CAFI)

How operating data flows back into the design. Each event that deviates from specification is ingested, enriched with context from the other plants, and returned to the engineering specification, the manufacturing record and the operating protocol, so a fix found at one site improves every module.

#Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)

Carbotura, and only Carbotura. As the OEM it writes the production specification for every ACM module and governs how modules are manufactured.

#Authorized Systems Integrator (ASI)

Tier 1, and the single party accountable for a deployment. The ASI runs and certifies acceptance testing, delivers and integrates the modules, holds the performance guarantee and the system warranty, and owns the spares.

#Authorized Manufacturing Partner (AMP)

Tier 2. Manufactures specific engineered components to Carbotura's production specification, with a component warranty for its own scope passed through the ASI.See: Work with Carbotura

#Authorized Material Supplier (AMS)

Tier 3. Supplies certified process materials and consumables, with a certificate of conformance for every delivery.

#Authorized Technology Partner (ATP)

Tier 4. Contributes technology, controls platforms or instrumentation that integrate into the ACM module.

#Authorized Validation Partner (AVP)

Tier 5. The independent referee: tests and certifies performance against the specification, and must be present at factory and site acceptance testing.